Inkomoko yumunsi mukuru wo hagati: Urugendo runyuze mugihe na gakondo

Iserukiramuco rya Mid-Autumn, rizwi kandi ku munsi mukuru w'ukwezi cyangwa umunsi mukuru w'ukwezi, ni umwe mu minsi mikuru ikomeye kandi yizihizwa cyane mu mico myinshi yo muri Aziya y'Uburasirazuba. Iri serukiramuco, riba ku munsi wa 15 wukwezi kwa 8 kwingengabihe yukwezi, ni igihe cyo guhurira mumuryango, kwitegereza ukwezi, no kwishora mukwezi karyoshye. Ariko ibirenze iminsi mikuru yiki gihe harimo amateka menshi yamateka, imigani, numuco wumuco watangiye mumyaka ibihumbi. Iyi ngingo irasesengura inkomoko yumunsi mukuru wo hagati-wizuba, ushakisha imizi yamateka, imigani yimigani, nihindagurika ryimigenzo n'imigenzo.

Imizi Yamateka

Iserukiramuco rya Mid-Autumn rifite inkomoko mu Bushinwa bwa kera, amateka yaryo kuva mu myaka 3.000 kugeza ku ngoma ya Shang (1600-1046 MIC). Ku ikubitiro, cyari igihe cyo gusenga ukwezi no kwizihiza imyaka. Abashinwa ba kera bizeraga ko ukwezi kwari kumurika kandi kuzengurutse kuri uyu munsi, bigereranya ubumwe n'ubwuzuzanye. Iyi myizerere yari ifitanye isano cyane n’ubuhinzi, kubera ko umunsi mukuru warangiraga igihe cyo gusarura igihe cyizuba igihe abahinzi bateraniraga gushimira ibihingwa byinshi.

Ku ngoma ya Zhou (1046-256 MIC), ibirori byarushijeho kuba byiza, hamwe n'imihango n'imihango irambuye yeguriwe ukwezi. Umwami yatangaga ibitambo ukwezi, agasengera umusaruro mwiza niterambere ryigihugu. Uyu muco wo gusenga ukwezi wakomeje kwiyongera mu binyejana byinshi, ugenda ushira imizi mu muco w'Abashinwa na sosiyete.

Umugani w'Imigani

Iserukiramuco rya Mid-Autumn ryuzuyemo imigani, imigani myinshi igira uruhare mu murage gakondo w’umuco. Mubyamamare cyane harimo umugani wa Chang'e, Uwimana Ukwezi.

Umugani wa Chang'e

Dukurikije imigani, mu kirere habaye izuba icumi, ryaka isi kandi ritera imibabaro myinshi. Intwaramiheto y'intwari yitwa Hou Yi yarashe izuba icyenda, hasigara imwe gusa itanga urumuri n'ubushyuhe. Nkigihembo cyubutwari bwe, Hou Yi yahawe elixir yo kudapfa. Icyakora, ntiyashakaga gusiga umugore we yakundaga cyane, Chang'e, nuko amuha elixir kumurinda.

Umunsi umwe, ubwo Hou Yi yari adahari, umugabo mubi witwa Feng Meng yagerageje kwiba elixir. Kugira ngo birinde kugwa mu biganza bitari byo, Chang'e yanyweye elixir ubwe maze azamuka ku kwezi, aho yabaye Ikimanakazi cy'ukwezi. Umutima ubabaye, Hou Yi yarebaga ukwezi buri joro, yizeye ko azabona umugore we. Iyi nkuru iteye ubwoba y'urukundo n'ibitambo yibukwa mugihe cy'ibirori byo mu gihe cyizuba, abantu batanga ukwezi hamwe nibindi byiza kuri Chang'e mucyubahiro cye.

Urukwavu rwa Jade

Undi mugani uzwi cyane ujyanye na Festival ya Mid-Autumn ni iy'urukwavu rwa Jade. Dukurikije iyi nkuru, abantu batatu badapfa biyoberanya basabiriza begereye urukwavu, imbwebwe n'inguge, basaba ibiryo. Mugihe imbwebwe ninguge byatanze ibyo bashoboye, urukwavu, ntacyo rufite, rwasimbukiye mumuriro kugirango rwitange. Yakozwe ku mutima n'ubwitange bw'urukwavu, abadapfa barazuye barwohereza ku kwezi, aho rwahindutse Urukwavu rwa Jade, umufasha wa Chang'e. Inkwavu ya Jade ikunze kugereranywa no gukubita ibimera hamwe na pome na peste, ikimenyetso cyumurimo wacyo w'iteka.

Ubwihindurize bwa gasutamo n'imigenzo

Mu binyejana byashize, Iserukiramuco ryo Hagati ryagiye rihinduka, rikubiyemo imigenzo n'imigenzo itandukanye igaragaza imico itandukanye y'akarere aho yizihizwa. Mugihe gusenga ukwezi no kwizihiza gusarura bikomeje kuba insanganyamatsiko nkuru, ibirori nabyo byabaye igihe cyo guhurira mumuryango, ibirori, nuburyo butandukanye bwo kwidagadura.

Ukwezi

Kimwe mu bimenyetso biranga Ibirori byo hagati-Igihe cyizuba ni ukwezi. Ibiryo byuzuye, akenshi byuzuyemo ibintu byiza cyangwa biryoshye, bisanzwe bisangirwa mumuryango ninshuti nkikimenyetso cyubumwe no kuzura. Umugenzo wo kurya ukwezi watangiye ku ngoma ya Yuan (1271-1368 IC), igihe bakoreshwaga mu gutanga ubutumwa bwihishwa mu gihe cyo kwigomeka ku butegetsi bwa Mongoliya. Uyu munsi, ukwezi kwakera muburyohe butandukanye, byerekana ibyifuzo byakarere ndetse nudushya two guteka.

Amatara

Amatara ni ikindi kintu cyingenzi cyumunsi mukuru wo hagati. Mu bihe bya kera, abantu bacana amatara yo kuyobora imyuka ya basekuruza no kugereranya ibyiringiro by'ejo hazaza heza. Uyu munsi, itara ryerekana hamwe na parade birasanzwe, hamwe nabana bakunze gutwara amatara yamabara muburyo butandukanye. Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, amatara yo mu kirere arekurwa, agakora ibintu bitangaje byerekana amatara areremba hejuru yijuru.

Ukwezi Gazing

Kurebera ukwezi ni umuco gakondo mugihe cy'ibirori byo hagati. Imiryango ikoranira hanze kugirango yishimire ukwezi kuzuye, akenshi iherekejwe no gusoma imivugo, umuziki, no kuvuga inkuru. Imyitozo yo kureba ukwezi yashinze imizi mubuvanganzo n'ubuhanzi by'Abashinwa, abasizi n'abahanzi benshi bazwi bakura imbaraga mu bwiza bw'ukwezi no mu kimenyetso.

Itandukaniro ryakarere

Mugihe ibyingenzi byingenzi byumunsi mukuru wo hagati bisangiwe muri Aziya yuburasirazuba, itandukaniro ryakarere ryongera uburyohe budasanzwe mubirori. Muri Vietnam, nk'urugero, ibirori bizwi nka Tết Trung Thu kandi byibanda cyane cyane ku bana, hamwe n'amatara maremare n'imbyino z'intare. Muri Koreya, ibirori byitwa Chuseok kandi birangwa n'imihango y'abasekuruza, imikino gakondo, no gutegura ibiryo bidasanzwe nka songpyeon (cake z'umuceri).

Ibirori bya none

Mu bihe bya none, Iserukiramuco rya Mid-Autumn rikomeje kuba ibirori bikomeye kandi bifite ireme, bivanga imigenzo ya kera hamwe nuburyo bugezweho. Usibye imigenzo gakondo, hagaragaye uburyo bushya bwo kwidagadura n'ibikorwa, nk'amahugurwa yo gukora ukwezi, ibitaramo ndangamuco, n'ibikorwa rusange. Iri serukiramuco kandi ryamenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga, aho ibirori bibera mu bihugu bitandukanye bifite imiryango ikomeye yo muri Aziya y'Uburasirazuba.

Iserukiramuco rya Mid-Autumn riributsa akamaro karambye k'umuryango, umuryango, n'umurage ndangamuco. Nigihe cyo gutekereza kubyahise, kwishimira ibihe, no gutegereza ejo hazaza dufite ibyiringiro no gushimira. Haba binyuze mugusangira ukwezi, kumurika amatara, cyangwa igikorwa cyoroshye cyo kureba ukwezi, ibirori bihuza abantu mumutima wubumwe nibyishimo.

Umwanzuro

Iserukiramuco rya Mid-Autumn ni gihamya y'umurage gakondo n'umuco gakondo wa Aziya y'Uburasirazuba. Inkomoko yacyo, yanditswe mu mateka n'imigani, itanga ishusho ishimishije ku ndangagaciro n'imyizerere y'imico ya kera. Mugihe ibirori bikomeje kugenda bitera imbere, biracyari ibihe byiza byo guhurira mumuryango, kwerekana umuco, no kwizihiza umuganda. Mugusobanukirwa inkomoko n'akamaro k'umunsi mukuru wo hagati-Igihe cyizuba, turashobora gushima ubujyakuzimu n'ubwiza bw'uwo mugenzo utajyanye n'igihe, n'inzira ikomeza guhuza abantu mumasekuruza n'imico.